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In the past decades as climate change has continued to heat our planet, wildfires around the world have grown in frequency and destruction as the world’s potential to burn has increased. Just in the past 3 years, we’ve seen the devastation brought on by wildfires in California (where the entire town of Paradise was destroyed), massive burns in the Amazon rainforest (that have begun anew) as well as the heartwrenching wildfires that burned throughout Australia.
Worse yet, a new report from the World Wildlife Fund (WFF) reveals that the number of fire alerts across the globe were up by 13% compared to last year. WWF concluded that “Persistent hotter and drier weather due to climate change, and other human factors such as land conversion for agriculture and poor forest management are the main drivers behind the increase.”
Why This Matters: Forests are critical to carbon sequestration and fighting climate change. When they are burned they release CO2 into the atmosphere where it can create a feedback loop for planetary warming. We also can’t afford to keep fighting these multi-billion dollar disasters at their currents rates and must move from a reactive to a proactive approach in limiting their damage.
Threats to Biodiversity: The Amazon rainforest is one of the most biodiverse regions of the world and ongoing widespread fires are severely impacting this ecosystem and the plants and animals that call it home. As Meg Symington, WWF’s Managing Director of the Amazon explained to Our Daily Planet:
“The Amazon is not an ecosystem that is adapted to fire, so the fires will have serious short-term and long-term impacts on biodiversity and the conservation of Amazonian species. In the short-term, large, mobile species like jaguars and many birds will be able to escape the fires, but slower-moving species like sloths are vulnerable, as are many lizards and amphibians. Several primate species, including some tamarins, marmosets, and titi monkeys have extremely restricted ranges and fires could actually destroy or degrade a significant portion of their habitat. In the long-term, the degradation and fragmentation of the Amazon forest will be detrimental to all of its biodiversity.”
Wildfires in the Time of COVID: The coronavirus pandemic has depleted government budgets across the world, including for conservation, climate action, and fire prevention and management. More specifically, as WWF pointed out:
In the case of Brazil, COVID-19 appears to have helped the regime’s stated intention to open the Amazon for business; environment minister Ricardo Salles was recorded telling colleagues to “take advantage of the fact that the attention of the press is on the pandemic to approve infra-legal reforms of deregulation of the environment.”31
Fire prevention resources themselves have also been scaled back. In the US, for example, the Forest Service Chief has stated that due to the pandemic, fire resources will be used “only when there is a reasonable expectation of success in protecting life and critical property and infrastructure.”32
The Human Element: The WWF report revealed that an increasing share of wildfires are due to human activity, intentional or otherwise:
This is estimated to be responsible for 75% of all wildfires in recent years
In the Northern Hemisphere, most fires are caused by negligence (e.g. burning rubbish and debris, industrial accidents, agricultural overspill etc.), and arson is also sometimes to blame.
In Europe, negligence causes 95% of fires; in the US, 84%.17
The most at-risk locations are so-called ‘wildland- urban interfaces’, where significant populations live in or near forests.
In more remote forest areas, lightning is more likely to be responsible – in Canada’s British Columbia, only 40% of wildfires are traced back to human origins.
In tropical and subtropical regions, forest fires are mostly intentionally set for land-use change, clearing and preparing new areas for cultivation.
In the Brazilian Amazon, fires are also part of a pattern of increasing encroachment into public and Indigenous Peoples’ lands.
Needed Action: We can take action on wildfires, and hope is certainly not lost. WWF outlined steps that can be taken on the national and sub-national level to mitigate these disasters:
Countries should increase their climate mitigation ambitions under the Paris Climate Agreement.
Reinvest in fire prevention measures that have been significantly slashed in places like the United States.
Halt deforestation.
Carefully managing prescribed burns where appropriate.
Using science to forecast risk and prioritize intervention.
Bring the private sector on board to set and implement deforestation and conversion-free commitments.
We wrote earlier this week that California entered into a partnership with the USDA to help manage its forests and prevent wildfires. However, some green groups were worried that the interests of the logging industry would supersede best practices for forest management. We asked WWF’s Senior Director of Environment and Disaster Management, Anita van Breda, how California can ensure that forest management is conducted in a way that best protects nature and she had the following to say:
“As our report illustrates there are different factors behind each of the fires that happen around the world and there is probably no instance of a fire being caused by a single factor. Similarly, there is no single solution to these challenges either. What we need is a new integrated approach to fire management that includes the role of a changing climate in the risk equation.”
by Ashira Morris, ODP Staff Writer The Everglades, the largest subtropical wilderness in the US, has been decimated by human activity. Before its iconic marshes and wetlands were drained and ditched to make way for agriculture and development, water flowed naturally from the Kissimmee River to Lake Okeechobee and into the Everglades marshy prairie. Now, […]
Salty soil is a death sentence for crops, and for areas of coastal farmland, an increasing threat due to climate change. Known as saltwater intrusion, this occurs when storm surges or high tides overtop areas low in elevation. It also occurs when saltwater infiltrates freshwater aquifers and raises the groundwater table below the soil surface. […]
by Amy Lupica, ODP Contributing Writer The Trump administration is continuing its hail-Mary attempt to develop public lands, even as the GSA announces it will begin the transition of power to the Biden administration. Trump has embarked on a rushed effort to transfer ownership of south-eastern Arizona’s Oak Flat, considered holy by the Apache people, […]
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